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Over 20 million Americans experience stomach problems from gluten. A number of people also complain of celiac disease (CD), which is an autoimmune disorder caused by gluten sensitivity or intolerance.
However, gluten doesn’t rattle the guts of each one of us, but only affects people with celiac disease. This means gluten isn’t all that bad for everyone. It is not good for people with CD.
In CD patients, these proteins are absorbed in the small intestinal walls. As a result, the immune system mistakes these proteins as intruders, starting a furious, tissue-damaging inflammatory response.
In normal human beings, small bowel comprises villi or finger-like projections, which produce digestive enzymes. However, in celiac disease patients, the misguided response from the immune system attacks these villi. As a result, these fingerlike projections produce fewer digestive enzymes while absorbing less nutrients. Such reaction of the immune system can damage the intestinal tract, leading to various digestive problems, nutrient deficiencies, and increased risk of diseases.
In celiac disease, small intestine is inflamed and gluten causes it to leak, resulting in diarrhea, anemia, weight loss, and osteoporosis. There is also a risk of bowel cancer.
Celiac Disease Symptoms
Though the exact cause of CD is still not clear yet, it is known to be a genetically inherited disorder. Some of the most common CD symptoms in kids may include:
abdominal bloating
constipation
chronic diarrhea
foul-smelling or fatty stool
chronic gas
nausea
stomach pain
vomiting
Contrarily, adults are less likely to experience digestive problems from celiac disease. Their symptoms may include
depression
bone/joint pain
anemia
anxiety
extreme tiredness
infertility
itchy skin rashes
dermatitis
canker sores in the mouth
missed menstrual periods
recurrent miscarriage seizures
headaches
osteoporosis
ulcers
intestinal blockage
What is Gluten
Gluten is derived from the word glue, as it has glue-like properties.
It is a term used for the proteins found most commonly in grains, such as wheat, barley, and rye. In simple words, gluten acts as glue that helps foods maintain their shape. The two sub-proteins, including gliadin and glutenin, form strands when it comes in contact with water, which strengthen dough. It gives elastic properties to dough and allows breads to rise upon baking.
Compared to European wheat, North American wheat contains higher gluten content.
Risks
· Gluten can cause intestinal problems and inflammation and degeneration of intestinal lining.
· It may have compromise the barrier function of the small bowel, thus raising the risk of leakage of unwanted substances into the bloodstream. However, it is still unclear whether this condition only affects people with celiac disease or also those with no celiac disease but gluten intolerance.
· It may raise the risk of irritable bowel syndrome.
· It may cause a leaking gut.
· Many neurological problems may result from gluten sensitivity in some patients – known as gluten-sensitive idiopathic neuropathy.
· Cerebellar ataxia is a serious disease of the brain that is claimed to be partly caused by gluten. In this condition, the patient is not able to coordinate movements and balance and experiences communication problems.
· Gluten ataxia is directly linked to gluten intolerance, which involves irreversible damage to cerebellum.
· Epilepsy, autism, schizophrenia are known to respond well to a gluten-free diet.
· Gluten may have opioid-like effect on some people and cause cravings for wheat and related cereals.
· It is related with many autoimmune diseases, such as Hashimotos thyroid, multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, among others.
Gluten Intolerance Symptoms
Some people with no celiac disease may also get gluten intolerance. In such patients, there is no attack on the body’s own tissues. But many symptoms are similar to that of celiac disease. The patient may experience fatigue, bloating, diarrhea, stomach pain, ands pain in the joints and bones.
· Skin rashes
· Fatigue
· Diarrhea
· Headache
· Bloated stomach
Wheat Allergy or Wheat Intolerance
You may be intolerant or allergic to wheat if you have any of the following symptoms. However, having these symptoms does not indicate a confirmed wheat allergy. This could be due to other medical conditions. Always check with your doctor to understand the cause of your symptoms:
Diarrhea
Bloated stomach
Arthritis
Depression
Chest pain
Nausea or vomiting
Eczema
Mood swings
Feeling dizzy
Palpitations
Joint pain
Skin rashes
Psoriasis
Sneezing
Fatigue
Swollen throat
Irritable bowel syndrome
Unexplained cough
Watery or itchy eyes
Runny nose
